La entrevista retrospectiva en investigación sobre la adquisición de la producción oral en ELE. El caso de las estrategias de comunicación

Resumen

Anglo-Saxon researchers in foreign language acquisition have been using retrospective interviews for over 40 years to study the cognitive processes involved in the production of oral communication strategies, specially the role played by consciousness in their production. Retrospective interviews thus provide access to unobservable information that other search instruments do not provide, reinforcing the validity and credibility of research on oral communication strategies. However, in France and Spain few researchers use this introspective method, especially in Spanish as a Foreign Language. In this article we study a corpus of retrospective comments produced by international students of Spanish in France. The results of our analyzes suggest that learners have some control over the strategies they use but these strategies cannot always be produced consciously. Then, when oral communication strategies are produced by learners, there would not exist a single degree of consciousness but different degrees of consciousness.